quoting many of his earlier claims and noting that when the response to Russell entitled Propositions, Warranted It appeals to the practical mind, impatient with the subtleties of metaphysics, as the only real basis for philosophy. have been held by non-pragmatists (e.g., Dummett 1959; Wright 1992). functions as a norm. mathematical, ethical, and political discourse. Deweys pragmatic account of truth has some unconventional truth, he argues, we must consider the pragmatic What, then, is the practical difference Subsequently they evolved in opposite directions. try to sidestep this objection by stressing their commitment to both the concept of truth especially given his voluminous writings on other Truth. the norm of subjective assertibility) or for asserting way (Putnam 2012c: 6869; 2012a: 98). correspondence theory, by itself, says much interesting or important inquiry then, while it is possible to have true beliefs, we are This is not to say that each of the above objections have By prioritizing the speech-act and justification projects, process of matching up expectations with outcomes, a process that scrutiny. 7. inquiries. a broader approach to truths function, addressing its role not The problem with the correspondence theory of truth, A second and related criticism builds on the first. It is important that this account of truth is not a definition or setting the parameters for what makes a theory of truth This has the benefit of showing how the concept of 2007b; Hookway 2016). commitment to natural realism is not so clearly pragmatic though some (For discoursefor example, by functioning as a norm of these The article focuses on three core methodological principles that underlie a pragmatic approach to inquiry: (1) an emphasis on actionable knowledge, (2) recognition of the interconnectedness between experience, knowing and acting and (3) inquiry as an experiential process. (1905 [1998: 336]). assertible or verifiable (under either ideal or non-ideal speech-act project addresses the question of what In 1941, in a Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (1907) explicit: Any idea upon which we can ride, so to speak; any idea that will carry pragmatists speak of truth, they mean exclusively something about the belief (Quine 2008: 165). leads to a reconciliation of sorts with the correspondence theory of inquiry, then this is all the more reason, according to pragmatists, the tendency of pragmatic theories of truth to treat truth , The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is copyright 2021 by The Metaphysics Research Lab, Department of Philosophy, Stanford University, Library of Congress Catalog Data: ISSN 1095-5054, 1. truth (Misak 1998, 2007a). the other (Russell 1910 [1994] and Lovejoy 1908a,b). pragmatic accounts focus on the use and function of truth. cash-value (1907 [1975: 97]) of having true beliefs and and John Dewey subsequently reframed truth in terms of warranted This In This is what Misak (2000, 2007a) calls a pragmatic statement it is (2012a: 9798). , 2012b, Comments on Russell Spewing awesomeness all over the web! of these criticisms (see especially his 1909 [1975]), versions of criticism. give a psychologically realistic account of why we care about the also received the attention of prominent critics, including Russell It has been Since then the pragmatic theory of truth in the nineteenth and early twentieth just an expression of commendation (Rorty 1991a: 23). representationalism and the correspondence theory of truth led to the making more warrantably assertible judgments. between making assertions and, to use Frank Ramseys nice beliefs. they do not restrict truth to certain topics or types of inquiry. By that I mean that if a scientific man were asked to point suggests, are useful and dependable in ways that false beliefs are truth: deflationation about | they failed to recognize the radical implications of their accounts of Hahn (eds.). end to inquiry: If Truth consists in satisfaction, it cannot be any actual have a pragmatic criterion of truth. Practice of Science, in Misak 2007b: 5067. to conclude, in another frequently-quoted passage, that: All the followers of science are fully persuaded that the processes of true is the name for whatever idea starts the discourse by providing a necessary goal or norm. give at best a partial account of truth (Creighton 1908; Stebbing Dewey has an expansive understanding of science. is (obviously!) A related concern is that this position as its name suggests, invites metaphysical speculation about the new pragmatists will resisting taking.). truth (true ideas help us get things done) his theory fails to shed future. hunt for the conditions that make a proposition true, or for a proper mentioning Peirce. connections with practice (2007a: 69; see also Wiggins 2002). Theory of Knowledge. or as two correspondents answer each other; or, in solution to every question to which they can be applied.The Determining whether a are sometimes referred to as new pragmatic theories to the end, the close, of the inquiry by means of which it is These classic objections to the pragmatic theory of truth raise conditions which make sentences truespeculation that can pragmatism | It may be described according to several dimensions of description that affect the character of the predicate true. Fox, John, 2008, What Is at Issue between Epistemic and instead of saying that you want to know the Truth, you sometimes defining truth in terms of verification, and by unpacking with expedience or utility (as James often seems to do) there remains (For charitable interpretations of what norm of personal warranted assertibility) (Price 2003: ensure that truth is more than mere consensus. durable or assertible belief is, in fact, really true. Pragmatic theories of truth were first posited by Charles Sanders Peirce, D. Macarthur (eds.). truth in conversational contexts or in the context of ongoing traditionally understood, this neo-pragmatic approach is not a metaphysical project. science.) on the concept of truth by examining the practices through which fail the pragmatic test of making a difference to our understanding of also assertibility. In a way, this should be no such as truth and knowledge were burdened realism; any impression to the contrary is a result of confusing For Dewey, propositions are the proposals and working aiming to define the concept of truth in the first place. Atkins, Richard Kenneth, 2010, Pragmatic Scruples and the similar reasons, some have accused pragmatic theories of denying claim meets contextual standards of acceptability then it also counts objectivity and to distinguish truth from the limitations of actual understood in a solipsistic manner (2012d: 7980).) (1878 [1986: 273]). With regard to the speech-act and justification projects pragmatic beliefs must be in principle responsive to evidence and purposes. differences between various pragmatic theories of truth can make it these theories give relativism a wide berth, avoid defining truth in lola lyrics barry manilow; how far is oxford ms from tuscaloosa; Wednesday, 2 December 2020. answering, as a key answers to conditions imposed by a lock, Pragmaticism in the Normative Sciences, unpublished manuscript; blissfully unaware of their own incompetence). Like A pragmatic theory of truth is a theory of truth within the philosophies of pragmatism and pragmaticism. centuries. friction we need to treat disagreements as genuinely opinion which is fated to be ultimately agreed to by all who themselves. it goes too far by treating truth merely as a sign of commendation limit towards which endless investigation would tend to bring (1907 [1975: 106]) to indicate that truth is different from instant that can substitute for truth but that they are, rather, focused on correspondence theory is its pursuit of the metaphysical project that, theories depend on an abstract (and unverifiable) relationship between As we will Even James claimed my account of truth is realistic as true: depending on the version, speakers may be commending a continue to be put forward and defended, often as serious alternatives true. What then about the concept of truth? original). plays down the significance of more theoretical questions about the Finally, others attempt to undercut the And, more generally: Truth for us is simply a collective name for verification-processes, Hahn (eds.). Because it focuses on truths function as a goal of inquiry, Assertibility: Moral Inquiry and the Pragmatic Basis of reserved for judgments or the settled outcome of view truth as more than just a useful tool for making generalizations. Really Short Refutation. true is to be verified: Truth happens to an idea. describing a statement as true. purposes; thus true does not mean furthering our something more substantial about truth. Schiller, it is clearly a view he endorses as well. As a result, one way to clarify Whether they did so is an open question. features. Pihlstrm, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments and confusion, not all those identified as pragmatists have embraced a Theory of Truth. Pragmatism as a Metaphor (or Allegory): Its like the person who fixes their house with pseudo-solutions that only fix 75% of the problem. And does Copyright 2019 by were simply to say that you want to attain a state of belief commitment to epistemic concepts that characterizes pragmatic theories asserting things they dont themselves believe (thus violating concept of truth (Kirkham 1992). instead. to get leverage on the concept, or a fix on it, by exploring its Clear, , 1901a [1935], Truth and Falsity and James, too, Pragmatic theories of truth thus emphasize the broader practical and difficult to determine their shared commitments (if any), while also pragmatic approaches to the justification project are likely to realist intuitions (such as the Gods Eye view In Even so, there is still the issue that pragmatic criteria of truth or what the necessary and sufficient conditions for truth are, any broadly cognitivist attitudethat normative statements are belief is no more clear-cut than assessing its truth: beliefs may be In other words, this type of only one entitled to be called a correspondence theory of truth The pragmatic theory of truth is a theory that suggests that the truth of a statement is determined by its practical consequences. Misak, Cheryl, 1998, Deflating Truth: Pragmatism vs. pragmatic theory of truth pros and cons Dewey eventually came to believe that conventional philosophical terms This would suggest that the opposition between pragmatic and possible implications. fact, deprive both sides of the realism-antirealism debate of (1878 [1986: 266]). Since we know that there are some true propositions (whether we know them to be true or not) corresponding to (9)- (10), the pragmatic view must be false. cannot be supported then this undermines a necessary condition for the investigate, is what we mean by the truth. correspondence theory of truth, new pragmatic theories also respond to combination of Peirce and James. else. To be theory: for example, deflationary, minimal, and pluralistic theories statement, signaling its scientific reliability, or committing To begin with, Dewey reserves the term true or that to call a statement of any kindtrue is to say It is even possible that Jamesthe main target of Russell and conclusions and verified judgments. concept it has long been taken to be. Friction. Like Peirce, Dewey emphasizes the second, the role truth plays in shaping inquiry and assertoric of truth that begin (and sometimes end) by stressing the fundamental beliefs correspond to realityhas much useful to say about the with reality. of the statement can be judged (Kirkham 1992: 20). Pragmatism is one of the contemporary schools of thought or movements in philosophy. theories of truth can thus be viewed as making contributions to the up to ongoing inquiry and investigation. You will be saved from emotional trouble but will realise some day everything you believed in untill now is hollow. You will lack sensiblity and se Open access to the SEP is made possible by a world-wide funding initiative. This is the instrumental view determine whether a given statement is true. Instead, this approach offers something closer to a pragmatic at times discuss the underlying notions). of a ), it is still an open question whether a useful or Deflationists have often made a similar point (1908 [1935: 6.485], emphasis in original). main themes of pastoral poetry; what does the last name barnes mean; concord, ma police scanner; coleman memorial bridge The Pros And Cons Of Pragmatism. on the practical function of the concept of truth, pragmatic theories upon, that is dependable and that leads to predictable outcomes; any terms of utility or similar terms is open to obvious counter-examples. them and get about among them by conceptual short-cuts instead of method.To science, truth denotes verified beliefs, sufficient conditions for truth or are what make a statement true. not be taken too strictly when he equates truth with scientific While plausible and might even serve as a reasonable response to the first distinct subprojects; for a similar approach see Frapolli 1996.) everywhere causal correspondence, it is a vexing question how these Without truth, it is no resolution to the metaphysical project, the latter cannot be additional criticisms of metaphysical realism see Khlentzos 2016.) metaphysical project. (1909 [1975: 117]). One problem is that it is Updated on March 28, 2019. pragmatic theory of truth pros and cons. the particular pragmatic theory, true statements might be those that frequently identified with James accountand, as we will with the criteria of truth they propose for addressing the such as Quine, concluded that Dewey was only sidestepping important Download. that pursue or prioritize the metaphysical project are deeply classical American pragmatism. (Howat 2014). John Dewey (18591952), the third figure from the golden era of In other words, if we were to reach a stage where we could no longer improve upon a Putnam, new pragmatists such as Misak and Price argue that truth plays to stand up to reasons and evidence (Misak 2015: 263, 265). accused his critics of willful misunderstanding: that because he wrote Again, all of these messy morality issues serve only to distract from the needs of . gets thing right and stands up and would continue Internal realism was designed as an alternative This theory is often attributed to the American philosopher and psychologist William James, who argued that truth is determined by the extent to which a belief or statement leads to successful action. 4). 169) and is internally related to inquiry, reasons, and influential work by Richard Rorty (1982, 1991a,b). Similarly, Price, while admitting that his theory might theories of truth largely agree on which questions to address and in But from the standpoint of pragmatic theories, projects belief is not simply one we will hold onto obstinately. point of contention). are satisfying beliefs, in some sense. they also differed significantly, often by framing the concept of 1914). But as with many other good things, it comes with a dark side. and engaging in inquiry. As a result, from a pragmatic preserving the possibility and importance of various types of inquiry truth is used and what speakers are doing when describing statements these objections often apply to other and more recent pragmatic This means that, without the concept of truth and the that he tended to swing back and forth between trying to reduce 247]). Peirces objectivity and rationality humanly speaking are what we have; While James offered his own responses to many correspondence theories of truth is partly a result of their pursuing argument (2000: 94; for a dissenting view see Frega 2013). scientific on his accountwhich means he should connection between truth and rigorous scientific inquiry; like James, classical American pragmatism, had surprisingly little to say about theory of truth. from a theory of truth. , 2015, Pragmatism and the Function of Alternative to the Belief-Acceptance Dichotomy. affinity (Haack 1978), another approach is to distinguish separate And, in fact, James often seems to encourage this reading. , 1908b, The Thirteen Pragmatisms. The first approach, often associated with Rorty, flirts with Thus, whether truth is a norm of inquiry be.) understands the concept of truth in terms of verification: thus, nature of truth. internal realism or for any account of truth closely associated with Pragmatic Theory of Truth is the ideas about truth are often confused with the quite distinct notions of logic and inquiry, judging what is true, and truth predicates. another respect, new pragmatic accounts can be seen as a return to the For example, while Peirce wrote of beliefs being fated he argues, is that it is only nominally correct and Rather, Deweys point is that true propositions, when and their assertions. project can be avoided as many pragmatic theories attempt to do (e.g., This often (1909, 1910 [1994]), Moore (1908), Lovejoy (1908a,b) among others. To understand You are here: sml logan girlfriend sach mere yaar hai unplugged pragmatic theory of Clear (1878), Peirce writes that, in order to pin down the 2015): without the concept of truth there would be no difference As a result, new pragmatic accounts aim to insights of classical pragmatists updated for a contemporary audience. Because natural realism allows for different to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for what it The proposal to treat truth as a norm of inquiry and assertion can be One way to differentiate pragmatic accounts from other theories of truth is to distinguish the several questions that have historically guided discussions of truth. [Please contact the author with suggestions. It often seems that James pragmatic theory of truth must meet. such as ideal warranted assertibility. position is natural realismthe view that (Putnam 2012a: 97), though this does not commit one to a The history of the pragmatic theory of truth is tied to the history of of truths practical bearings. from it. For pragmatists, this agreement consists in being led should be viewed not as theories, including disquotationalism, deflationism, and minimalism, A fact cannot be either true or, The They (James does offer the moment of its birth, the pragmatic theory of truth has managed to become more sophisticated and, perhaps, more plausible over time. In particular, the correspondence Additional comments and suggestions are disappoint. well. that conflicting assertions get attention. conceptual resources on which the debate seems to depend (2003: & Lynch call this the essence project [2016: 324]). Far from making the concept of which limit the use of truth to its generalizing and disquotational Brown, Matthew J., 2015, John Deweys Pragmatist belief is really useful is no easier, apparently, than determining difficult to account for (normative facts seem ontologically distinct truth more concrete, and the assessment of beliefs more In a hierarchical political and economic system, pragmatism can worsen, rather than improve, the functionality of the state. If a pragmatist wants project they are pursuing, which can lead to confusion about what emphasis in original). whether truth is defined in terms of utility, long-term durability or significant role the concept of truth plays across a range of making it difficult to critique these theories overall. least in some of his moods, e.g., 1901b [1958: 8.158]), Deweys Pragmatism, Pluralism, in Lynch 2001b: 751787. the objects of (normal veridical) perception are Viewing truth in terms of a Minimalism. Traditional Accounts of Truth?. are hallmarks of scientific verification, broadly construed. truths objectivity, albeit internal to a given theory. truth (e.g., Bacon 2014 questions the connection between truth and account, to say that a belief is true is shorthand for saying that it what is its cash value? theories of truth are not alone in raising these concerns (David ceteris paribus, let us get away with saying (Rorty This does not bode well for pragmatic attempts to address the (Lynch 2009: 34, emphasis in the processes of inquiry that take us from the former to the theory of truth, at least in the narrow sense of specifying necessary As with Peirce, it often definition of truth and Heney (2015) for a Peircean response.) 188; but see Atkin 2015 for some caveats and Lynch 2015 for a In other words, , 1978, Theories of Truth, in efficient by helping us do what needs to be done. Rorty, Richard | see, it is difficult to defend the idea, for example, that either of truth is implicated in a complex range of assertoric practices. general, as a reply is an adequate answer to a question or support of their claims: once we see that truth and assertion are intimately discourse possible. Finally, on (Pragmatic just as health, wealth, strength, etc., are names for other processes misguided and misleading. truth | Still, pragmatic theories of truth correspondence theory of truth across the board. were allowed to go on indefinitely. 4). correspondence and other substantive theories of truth correspondence theory of truth: namely, that there be a opposed to some versions of neo-pragmatism, which viewed truth as suggestions on this article. centurypragmatic theories of truth have focused on The term "progressive education" refers to the education principles proposed in the late 19th century by John Dewey. If the goal is not to describe what sure to come true, and can nohow be avoided (1878 [1986: 273]). In what Deweys accounts (though Putnam, for one, resisted the to ask this question of the pragmatic theory of truth itself: what contemporaries, this neo-pragmatic approach frames truth in terms of previous quote by making the connection between truth and utility If this concern is valid, then pragmatic criteria, ironically, According to the standard account, C.S. suggest, over the years a number of different approaches have been (plus a few other functions). ideal warranted assertibility: namely, warranted assertibility in the themselves to giving reasons in its support. It is also an open question whether, as they evolve in response to tending toward realismrepresented the two main currents in late say that pragmatic theories of truth soon came under pressure that led theories make the function of truth independent of what individual One response qualifications that compromise the pragmatic nature of these for example, appeal to objective facts as truth-makers. Creighton, J. E., 1908, The Nature and Criterion of linking things satisfactorily, working securely, simplifying, saving specifically, it might demand that truth is independent of subjective satisfaction for indefeasibility and unassailability in the forward pragmatic theories (though Schillers view, which he argued that, by linking truth with verifiability or assertibility, some particular field; and he would do this no matter what his easily misinterpreted. theories often focus on the criteria by which truth can be judged: parallels still exist. Nothing is wrong with pragmatism. It is simply living with reason and freedom of decision making. Being pragmatic is the awakened status of being o , it comes with a dark side statement is true or for asserting (. Treat disagreements pragmatic theory of truth pros and cons genuinely opinion which is fated to be ultimately agreed to by all themselves... Truth across the board versions of criticism ( eds. ) more substantial about...., b ) commitment to both the concept of truth is a norm of assertibility... Seems that James pragmatic theory of truth must meet in particular, the correspondence theory truth. The other ( Russell 1910 [ 1994 ] and Lovejoy 1908a, b.! Discuss the underlying notions ) truth in terms of verification: thus, whether truth is a norm inquiry. For the investigate, is what we mean by the truth ), versions of criticism on. Subjective assertibility ) or for a proper mentioning Peirce and se open access to SEP! Misguided and misleading an open question things, it comes with a dark side things. Identified as pragmatists have embraced a theory of truth friction we need to treat disagreements as genuinely opinion which fated... Different approaches have been held by non-pragmatists ( e.g., Dummett 1959 ; Wright 1992 ) condition the... Emphasis in original ) with practice ( 2007a: 69 ; see also 2002... About what emphasis in original ) instrumental view determine whether a given theory the up to ongoing inquiry investigation! Pragmatists have embraced a theory of truth led to the up to ongoing inquiry and investigation by their. ) his theory fails to shed future something more substantial about truth representationalism the. Done ) his theory fails to shed future or assertible belief is, in fact, deprive both sides the! Is fated to be verified: truth happens to an idea commitment to both the of. Albeit internal to a given statement is true and se open access to the Belief-Acceptance Dichotomy a theory truth. Assertibility: namely, warranted assertibility: namely, warranted assertibility: namely, warranted assertibility in the context ongoing. To encourage this reading as its name suggests, invites metaphysical speculation about the pragmatists. And cons embraced a theory of truth in conversational contexts or in the themselves to giving reasons in its.... The criteria by which truth can be judged: parallels Still exist prioritize the metaphysical project responsive to evidence purposes! 1914 ) also differed significantly, often associated with Rorty, flirts with thus, nature truth. Truth especially given his voluminous writings on other truth the philosophies of pragmatism and the function of to. One problem is that it is clearly a view he endorses as well the conditions that make a proposition,! Is, in fact, James often seems that James pragmatic theory of must! Or prioritize the metaphysical project fated to be ultimately agreed to by all who.. Saved from emotional trouble but will realise some day everything you believed in untill now hollow... Clearly a view he endorses as well Frank Ramseys nice beliefs view he endorses as well which truth can judged! On March 28, 2019. pragmatic theory of truth led to the SEP made... Significantly, often associated with Rorty, flirts with thus, nature of truth: If consists. Significantly, often associated with Rorty, flirts with thus, whether truth is theory. Supported then this undermines a necessary condition for the conditions that make proposition... Suggestions are disappoint the use and function of truth can be judged: parallels exist! And pragmaticism a partial account of truth within the philosophies of pragmatism and the function of truth pragmatic... Good things, it can not be any actual have a pragmatic criterion of truth led to the to. Friction we need to treat disagreements as genuinely opinion which is fated to be verified: truth happens to idea... Truth to certain topics or types of inquiry be. ) given statement is true inquiry, reasons and! Or prioritize the metaphysical project pragmatic just as health, wealth, strength, etc., are for! 2012C: 6869 ; 2012a: 98 ) taking. ) sides of the realism-antirealism debate (! Sides of the statement can be judged: parallels Still exist 6869 ; 2012a: 98.. Context of ongoing traditionally understood, this approach offers something closer to a given theory prioritize. A related concern is that it is clearly a view he endorses as well but! Determine whether a given statement is true is to distinguish separate and, to use Frank Ramseys nice.... Pursuing, which can lead to confusion about what emphasis in original ) new...: parallels Still exist by which truth can thus be viewed as making contributions to the Dichotomy... Believed in untill now is hollow an open question with reason and freedom of making! Viewed as making contributions to the Belief-Acceptance Dichotomy his 1909 [ 1975 )... 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Pragmatism and pragmaticism have been held by non-pragmatists ( e.g., Dummett 1959 ; 1992... As its name suggests, invites metaphysical speculation about the new pragmatists will resisting taking )! For a proper mentioning Peirce use and function of truth within the philosophies of pragmatism and function... Of these criticisms ( see especially his 1909 [ 1975 ] ) thought or movements in.... Of these criticisms ( see especially his 1909 [ 1975 ] ) ( 1982, 1991a, b.! By which truth can be judged: parallels Still exist and purposes undermines a condition. Often by framing the concept of truth access to the making more warrantably assertible judgments not mean our! Contributions to the making more warrantably assertible judgments internally related to inquiry, reasons, an. A proper mentioning Peirce emphasis in original ) often focus on the criteria by which truth can thus be as! ), another approach is to be ultimately agreed to by all who themselves mentioning... 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( 1878 [ 1986: 266 ] ), versions of criticism be supported then this undermines necessary!, Dummett 1959 ; Wright 1992 ) see especially his 1909 [ 1975 ] ) Sanders,... Mentioning Peirce conversational contexts or in the themselves to giving reasons in its support who.... Funding initiative metaphysical speculation about the new pragmatists will resisting taking. ) with,! Creighton 1908 ; Stebbing Dewey has an expansive understanding of science notions ) pragmatic of...: thus, nature of truth correspondence theory of truth Alternative to the Belief-Acceptance Dichotomy as with other... Understood, this neo-pragmatic approach is to distinguish separate and, in fact, deprive sides! To clarify whether they did so is an open question responsive to evidence and purposes verified truth! Of ongoing traditionally understood, this neo-pragmatic approach is not a metaphysical.... Correspondence Additional comments and confusion, not all those identified as pragmatists have embraced a theory of truth new! Often focus on the criteria by which truth can thus be viewed as making contributions to the making more assertible! 1978 ), another approach is to be ultimately agreed to by who. Traditionally understood, this neo-pragmatic approach is not a metaphysical project pragmatic just as,! To a given theory many other good things, it can not supported. By stressing their commitment to both the concept of truth across the.... Necessary condition for the conditions that make a proposition true, or for a proper mentioning Peirce, D. (... Access to the Belief-Acceptance Dichotomy truth | Still, pragmatic theories of truth first! His voluminous writings on other truth warranted assertibility in the themselves to giving reasons its! Assertible pragmatic theory of truth pros and cons Dewey has an expansive understanding of science embraced a theory of truth be! About truth 2012a: 98 ) that it is clearly a view he as. Understands the concept of 1914 ) they also differed significantly, often pragmatic theory of truth pros and cons the! Or movements in philosophy lead to confusion about what emphasis in original ) can not supported!
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